Tsukimi, a term that translates to "looking at the moon," is a cherished Japanese festival that celebrates the Harvest Moon. This ancient tradition has its roots in the admiration of the bright September moon, symbolizing gratitude for the year's harvest and hope for a prosperous year ahead.
History
Historically, Tsukimi followed the Japanese lunisolar calendar, with celebrations occurring on three specific nights: the 15th day of the eighth month (Jugoya), the 13th day of the ninth month (Jusan'ya), and the 10th day of the tenth month (Tokan'ya). According to tradition, if all three nights are clear and the moon is visible, it is believed that good luck and fortune will follow.
In terms of the Gregorian calendar, the dates for these celebrations are as follows:
Jugoya: September 29, 2023; September 17, 2024; October 6, 2025; September 25, 2026; September 15, 2027.
Jusan'ya: October 27, 2023; October 15, 2024; November 2, 2025; October 22, 2026; October 12, 2027.
Tokan'ya: November 22, 2023; November 10, 2024; November 29, 2025; November 18, 2026; November 7, 2027.
Customs and Traditions
1. Tsukimi Dango
One of the most delightful customs associated with Tsukimi is the preparation and consumption of Tsukimi dango. These rice dumplings, made from glutinous rice flour, are shaped into small, round balls. They are thoughtfully arranged on a special Tsukimi-dai, a tray or table adorned with seasonal decorations, including pampas grass, Japanese susuki grass, and various fruits and vegetables. Traditionally, these dumplings are placed in groups of 15, representing the fifteenth day, or groups of 12, representing the months of the year. Sharing Tsukimi dango is not just a culinary pleasure but also a heartfelt expression of gratitude for the bountiful autumn harvest.
2. Seasonal Fruit and Vegetable Offerings
Photo from The Chunichi Shimbun
Beyond Tsukimi dango, seasonal fruits and vegetables play a central role in the festival. Persimmons, pears, chestnuts, and taro are commonly showcased as offerings to the moon. These choices reflect the abundance of the harvest season and serve as tokens of appreciation for the gifts of nature. The presentation of these offerings is carefully arranged, often with meticulous attention to aesthetics, adding an artistic dimension to the celebration.
3. Susuki (Pampas Grass)
Susuki, known as pampas grass in Japanese, holds a special place in Tsukimi traditions. It is believed to possess protective qualities, capable of warding off evil spirits and diseases. Hence, it is customary to decorate both indoor and outdoor spaces with susuki during the festival. The tall, elegant grass adds a touch of rustic beauty to the environment, enhancing the overall atmosphere of the celebration.
Tsukimi, the Japanese Harvest Moon Festival, offers a beautiful glimpse into Japan's cultural heritage and its deep connection to nature. As this age-old tradition continues to be celebrated throughout Japan, it serves as a poignant reminder of the enduring beauty and cultural significance of the full moon.